Gravel, a popular type of aggregate, consists of small rock fragments that range in size from pebbles to larger stones. Its coarse nature makes it ideal for creating a solid base for roads, driveways, and walkways. Gravel also finds extensive use in concrete production, providing strength and stability to the mixture.

Sand is a granular material composed of small particles of rock, minerals, and organic materials, typically ranging in size from 0.0625 millimeters to 2 millimeters, commonly found in beaches, deserts, and riverbeds.

Rip rap, also known as riprap, is a form of erosion control commonly used in areas where strong water currents or wave action pose a threat to shorelines, riverbanks, or slopes. It consists of large, heavy stones or concrete blocks strategically placed along these vulnerable areas to provide protection. In addition to erosion control, rip rap also provides habitat for various aquatic organisms and adds aesthetic value to landscapes.

Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface, composed of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. It plays a vital role in supporting plant growth by supplying nutrients, moisture, and a stable environment for roots to develop. Soil is formed gradually through the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic material, with its characteristics shaped by factors such as climate, living organisms, and landform. It usually appears in shades of dark or light brown.